PATTERN AND FREQUENCY OF CONDYLAR FRACTURES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, PESHAWAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69723/njms.05.01.0698Keywords:
Condylar fracture, Mandibular fracture, Pediatric trauma, Frequency, Pattern, Maxillofacial injury.Abstract
Background:
Condylar fractures are among the most common mandibular fractures, accounting for a high proportion of injuries found in facial trauma cases. Their management is particularly challenging considering the variety of changes in the mandible as a child grows and the long term functional and aesthetic complications associated with it.
Objective:
To assess the frequency and pattern of condylar fractures in children presenting with mandibular trauma to S1 OPD in Khyber College of Dentistry.
Methods:
An observational cross-section study was conducted on patients from the age of birth to 18 years diagnosed with condylar fracture between January 2023 and December 2024. Data was collected using a structured proforma including patient demographics and pattern of the fracture. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the association between demographics and pattern of fracture.
Results:
Among 118 patients of mandibular trauma over, 50% of fractures involved the condyle, majority of those being extracapsular fractures. There was a higher percentage seen in males at a ratio of 3.4:1 in the age group of 4-7 years. Majority of fractures were unilateral and about 28.3% of the cases presented with displacement of the condyle and about 6.7% of the cases presented with total dislocation from the joint.
References
1) Aleid AA, Al-Khudhairy MW, Bin Turaiky H, Bin Rubaia’an MA. Maxillofacial traumatic fractures in a Saudi pediatric subpopulation: a 10-year retrospective study. Cureus. 2023 Sep;15(9):e46002. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46002.
2) Khan SR, Khan ZA, Hanif S, Riaz N, Warraich RA. Patterns of facial fractures in children. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019 Dec;57(10):1009-13. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.08.020.
3) Posnick JC, Wells M, Pron GE. Pediatric facial fractures: evolving patterns of treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993 Aug;51(8):836-44; discussion 844-5. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(10)80101-4.
4) Thorén H, Iizuka T, Hallikainen D, Nurminen M, Lindqvist C. An epidemiological study of patterns of condylar fractures in children. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;35(5):306–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-4356(97)90401-0
5) Mukhopadhyay S, Galui S, Biswas R, Saha S, Sarkar S. Oral and maxillofacial injuries in children: a retrospective study. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2020 Jun 30;46(3):183-90. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.3.183
6) Vanpoecke J, Dubron K, Politis C. Condylar fractures: an argument for conservative treatment. Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction. 2020 Mar;13(1):23-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943387520902881
7) Rehman A ur, Malik A, Khalid B, Naz S, Shaukat MS, Ahmed R. Assessment of Patterns of Mandibular Condylar Fractures: A Study from Multan. Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences. 2020 Apr 29;14(1):27–31. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2020.1.875
8) Shaikh T, Naz S, Talpur MJ, Shams S, Salman P. Analysis of Pattern and Management of Mandibular Fracture in Children. https://dx.doi.org/10.38125/OAJBS.000151
9) Neff A, Cornelius CP, Rasse M, Torre D, Audigé L. The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: condylar process fractures-level 3 tutorial. Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction. 2014 Dec;7(1_suppl):44-58. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1389559
10) Kamath AT, Nayak SS, Shukla AD, Chatterjee A. The surgical sequencing and techniques in the management of multiple mandibular fractures involving the condyle: A review of 121 surgical cases. Journal of International Oral Health. 2019 Mar 1;11(2):55-60. https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_312_18
11) Mukhopadhyay S. A retrospective study of mandibular fractures in children. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2018 Dec 31;44(6):269–74. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2018.44.6.269
12) Bottini GB, Roccia F, Sobrero F. Management of Pediatric Mandibular Condyle Fractures: A Literature Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024 Nov 17;13(22):6921. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13226921
13) Fahimuddin, Kamal A, Ashraf N, Kayani H. FREQUENCY OF MANDIBULAR CONDYLAR FRACTURE IN CHILDREN PRESENTING TO HAYATABAD MEDICAL COMPLEX, PESHAWAR: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY. J Khyber Coll Dent. 2024 Jun. 20;14(02):2-6. https://doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v14i2.667
14) Bottini GB, Hitzl W, Götzinger M, Politis C, Dubron K, Kordić M, et al. Management of Mandibular Condyle Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Multicentric Retrospective Study with 180 Children and Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024 Sep 14;13(18):5455. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185455
15) Zhou HH, Lv K, Yang RT, Li Z, Yang XW, Li ZB. Mandibular condylar fractures in children and adolescents: 5-Year retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2019 Apr;119:113–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.01.025
16) Kamath AT, Roy S, Pai D. Paediatric condylar trauma – primary management considerations – A review. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research [Internet]. 2023 Mar;13(2):236–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.01.011
17) Khan SR, Khan ZA, Hanif S, Riaz N, Warraich RA. Patterns of facial fractures in children. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;57(10):1009–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.08.020
18) Kozakiewicz M, Pruszyńska P. Lateral pterygoid muscle alteration in patients treated surgically due to mandibular head fractures. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023 Jul 20;12(14):4789. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144789
19) Chiantini V, Benedetti S, Frosolini A, Cascino F, Gabriele G, Fantozzi V, Chibbaro S, Bini L, Cerase A, Galluzzi P, Gennaro P. Mandibular condyle dislocation into the middle cranial fossa: First report of CAS-guided surgical management. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2025 Jul 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2025.07.004
20) Rehman A ur, Malik A, Khalid B, Naz S, Shaukat MS, Ahmed R. Assessment of Patterns of Mandibular Condylar Fractures: A Study from Multan. Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences. 2020 Apr 29;14(1):27–31. https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2020.1.875
21) Yoshida K. Superior dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa: A comprehensive review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023 May 31;12(11):3781. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113781
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sufyan Ammar Khan, Haseeba Younas, Atta ur Rehman (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Readers may “Share-copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format” and “Adapt-remix, transform, and build upon the material”. The readers must give appropriate credit to the source of the material and indicate if changes were made to the material. Readers may not use the material for commercial purposes. The readers may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
.png)
