Frequency and Histopathological Types of Gall Bladder Carcinoma and its association with demographic factors and comorbidities in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Cholelithiasis at a Tertiary Care Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69723/njms.05.01.0708Keywords:
Gallbladder Neoplasm, cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, Diabetes mellitusAbstract
BACKGROUND: Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, commonly identified at an advanced stage. Cholelithiasis is identified as a key risk factor for the development of gall bladder cancer in regions with a high prevalence of gallstones. Several cases of gall bladder carcinoma are incidentally detected during or following the surgery for presumed benign gallstone disease. Early diagnosis in patients undergoing cholecystectomy could improve the outcomes.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the frequency, histopathological types of gallbladder carcinoma, and association of demographic factors (age, gender, BMI) and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension) with GBC among patients undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis at a tertiary care hospital.
METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 189 patients undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis in the age range of 18 to 65 years, with either gender at the General Surgery department of Ayub Teaching Hospital MTI, Abbottabad, from 24 May 2024 to 24 November 2024. All the patients underwent gross examination, where characteristic features such as a firm /tan-white to yellow-gray cut surface and the presence of exophytic or polypoid friable mucosal lesions were noted, and confirmation was made with histopathological assessment for the diagnosis of carcinoma. The collected data were then analyzed with SPSS 27
Results: The mean age in our study was 40.03 ± 11.86 years. Gender distribution showed that 102 (54.0%) were females and 87 (46.0%) were males. Gallbladder carcinoma was observed in 7 (3.7%) patients. A significant association was found between gallbladder carcinoma and diabetes (p=0.009) and age (p=0.05). No significant associations were observed with gender, BMI, and hypertension (p > 0.05 for all). The recorded mean age in gallbladder carcinoma patients was 52.43+13.697 years (p=0.005). The recorded mean duration of symptoms was 15.43+1.90 months (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: The frequency of gall bladder carcinoma among patients undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis was 3.7%. Diabetes, older age, and prolonged duration of symptoms were associated with GBC.
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